Hiv Public Health - 1082 Words

WHO Strategy for HIV DR Prevention and Implications for Public Health The scaling up of ART follows the public health approach of using the standardized and simplified treatment regimens that are consistent with international standards (Bennett et al., 2012). However the treatment with ARV drugs can be accompanied by emergence and transmission of HIV DR. The emergence of HIV DR can limit the treatment options that will need switching to the second-line regimens that is costly and can produce long term toxicities (Bennett et al., 2012). In order to counter the effects of HIV DR, WHO developed a global strategy for the prevention and minimizing the emergence of HIV DR (Bennett et al., 2008, 2012). The WHO strategy involves three elements:†¦show more content†¦ARV prescribing practices refers the percentage of patients initiating an appropriate first-line ART regimen which is listed in national guideline. The target should be 100%. Lost to follow up refers to percentage of patients who were lost to follow at 12 months upon initiation, while patie nts retention on first-line ART at 12 months refers to percentage of patients who initiated at ART site that are still on first-line ART regimen after 12 months and the target should be less than or equal to 20% and more than or equal to 70% respectively. On-time ARV drug pick up refers to percentage of patients picking up all prescribed ARV drugs on time during first 12 months and the target should be more than or equal to 90%. ARV drug –supply continuity refers to percentage of months in a year in which there was no ARV drug stock outs at the sites and the target should be 100%; while viral load suppression refers to percentage of patients with viral load less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 months and the target should be more than or equal to 70%. 2.12.2 HIV DR Surveillance There are two surveys that are recommended by WHO: surveillance of acquired HIV DR in population on ART and surveillance of transmitted HIV DR in recently infected population (Bennett et al., 2008; Jordan et al., 2012). Acquired HIV DR is conducted at specific health facilities to assess the performance in achieving the prevention of HIV DR for instance maintaining the suppressedShow MoreRelated HIV/AIDS Public Health Policies: A Comparison Between South Africa and Cuba 1340 Words   |  6 PagesHIV/AIDS is still a current public health concern for all countries of the world. Research has helped progress the education and treatment of the virus, but some areas of the world still have difficulty with this public health concern. Out of all developing countries, South Africa has one of the highest percentages of their population living with HIV/AIDS while Cuba has one of the lowest percentages of their population living with the virus. In this paper, the public health policies of South AfricaRead MoreApplying Public Health Principles For The Hiv Epidemic923 Words   |  4 PagesArticle One: Applying Public Health Principles to the HIV Epidemic In the article â€Å"Applying public health principles to the (HIV) epidemic† I learned that the HIV virus is spread by people who do not know that they are infected. This article argues that it is time to find a comprehensive public health method that will help stopped this epidemic from spreading even more. This article also talks about the ways HV is transmitted and what can we do to protect ourselves from this virus. It took twoRead MoreDeveloping A Hiv Vaccine : A Public Health Priority1094 Words   |  5 PagesScientific Errors in Dr. Not A. Scientist’s Developing a HIV Vaccine: a public health priority Every year, there are more and more people living with HIV. While the number of new cases has decreased, the overall prevalence has increased. In 2014, 36.9 million people were living with HIV. However, in 2001 the number was lower, at 29.8 million [1]. These numbers have caused me to agree with Dr. Not A Scientist need to invest more funds toward developing a HIV vaccine. Although I agree with Dr. Not A Scientist’sRead MorePublic Health Campaign For Fight Hiv / Aids864 Words   |  4 PagesWhat are the key points in your public health campaign to fight HIV/AIDS? HIV is a virus that causes the disease of AIDS that damages your immune system. HIV is manageable, but cannot be cured. There are many ways to prevent HIV from happening. Some of the ways to prevent HIV is to be tested, being tested is the safest way not to transmit the virus and it can prevent infection to others. Another way is to get educated, getting involved in programs that teaches about HIV/AIDS can educate people to preventRead MoreHiv / Aids : An Important Challenge For Public Health Authorities For More Than A Decade872 Words   |  4 PagesHIV/AIDS infection has been an important challenge for public health authorities for more than a decade. Although the annual number of new infections has decreased substantially since the initial epidemic in the 1980s, HIV/AIDS infection still represents an important burden for society and for the health care system1,2. According to the CDC, in the United States about 1.2 million people have HIV and about 14% (168,000) of those do not k now they have the infection1,2. In 2011, the Public Health AgencyRead MoreEvaluation Of The 10 Essential Public Health Services1696 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluation of the 10 essential Public Health Services and how they can be helpful in the prevention of HIV in communities across the nation. In addition, the paper depicts how the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) has been able to incorporate the 10 essential public health services in its fight against HIV disease. The paper will discuss the assessment of the HIV disease situation in Chicago neighborhoods; policy development by the Chicago Department of Public Health and the assurance that Read MoreThe Chicago Department Of Public Health767 Words   |  4 PagesThe Chicago Department of Public health exemplifies a public health department that is extremely proactive and supportive of initiatives to eradicate or significantly decreasing the incidence of STI/HIV /AIDS in the City of Chicago. To this end, the Chicago Department of Health monitors the incidences of new cases in the city, while constantly monitoring the progression or regression of the conditions of patients already affected by the HIV virus. Statistical data is collected through the avenueRead MorePublic Health Authorities Need to Conduct Public Health Surveillance1590 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1 - Using HIV/AIDS as an example to discuss why public health authorities need to conduct public health surveillance and to describe how surveillance system is managed in Australia (9 marks) (Up to 800 words) Public health surveillance is defined as the ongoing systematic collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of outcome-specific data for public health purposes, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of public health information for assessment and public health response forRead MoreThe Disease Aids And The Us Public Health Department1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Disease AIDS And The US Public Health Department The disease AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The epidemic disease AIDS affected the US in 1981. The disease AIDS is defined according the world health Organization (WHO) ‘’ Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term which applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection†. An outbreak virus that struck women, men, and children from every single part of world. A known disease of gay men that causedRead MoreThe Hot Zone By Richard Preston Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesPrinceton Model Congress in high school where I first learned about public health. Participants made mock congressional bills to be passed in a congress comprised of high school and college students in order to implement a national change. My mock bill advocated for the incorporation of HIV tests within annual physicals. The purpose of this bill was to ensure that more people became knowledgeable about their status and with this knowledge, HIV positi ve individuals can receive care faster and take proactive

Honeyland Manuka Honey - 1083 Words

Question 1: Imagine that you are in charge of logistics for a small exporting business such as Honeyland. What are the difficulties you need to think about? Efficient logistics is important for businesses especially when they involve in exporting products to reach their market. For a small exporting business such as Honeyland, there will be difficulties in managing logistics. Leading supply chain practices and processes commonly reside with large retailers and manufacturers. They have and driven various economies of scale. They usually utilize technologies and large staffs of people and therefore, small businesses might have to compete with these large companies to get container space. As small businesses might need to export in†¦show more content†¦By increasing the capacity, the container space problem can be managed effectively. Other than that, a tie-up with other exporters will benefit parties involved, and will also guarantee time efficient. A small company can share the cost for one container load with other small company who is also doing export business, regardless of the nature of business or products. By doing this, b oth companies or the sharing companies will benefit mutually. Question 2: What are the specific contextual requirements when exporting from New Zealand? New Zealand practices strict export control and also needs certificates. Exporters must ensure that they comply with requirements of other regulatory or advisory bodies associated with exporting commodities, that include inspections and detailed documentations. The New Zealand customs requires exporters to undergo appropriate government department. The responsible government department is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT). New Zealand has entered into an international treaty to protect plants and natural vegetation that requires strict export controls. For instance, New Zealand’s Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) is the official body that looks after the treaty’s enforcement. Export operations are difficult because MAF requires strict compliance and regulations which include the inspection of all exported organic products and detailedShow MoreRelatedHoneyland919 Words   |  4 PagesHONEYLAND MANUKA HONEY FROM NEW ZEALAND 1. Image that you are in charge of logistics for a small exporting business such as Honeyland. What are the difficulties you need to think about ? 1.1 Cost – New Zealand is far off the main shipping routes and transport costs are high compared to countries that are in the center of the world trade network. 1.2 Time Of Shipping - Normal shipping time to Japan 10 day on average . However , in reality it takes much longer for a shipment to arrive safely

Do Tulips Quicken The Healing Process Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper # 65279 ; Variable The variable in this experiment is workss given to patients retrieving from hip surgery. Five patients will be given tulips to take attention of in their infirmary room, while five patients will merely undergo normal physical therapy for recovery. Control All of the people in this experiment will be the same age and will be retrieving from the same surgery. The patients will besides be observed in a infirmary scene and must remain in the infirmary until they are healed. The people in this experiment will besides be the same sex. The people given tulips will be compared against the people non given tulips. All are to undergo normal therapy during the experiment. Identify the Problem The point of this experiment is to happen out whether or non taking attention of workss can accelerate the mending rate of a retrieving surgery patient. If taking attention of workss is the ground for less mending clip, so people should be able to cut hospital corsets and bed remainder clip down by taking attention of workss. Collect Information An already known fact about workss is that they seem to appeal to everyone # 8217 ; s senses. In experiments by the American Horticultural Therapy Association, it was discovered that touching a works can quiet a individual. This may ensue in people non experiencing worried about their illness or burying about what is disturbing them. Besides, workss have the ability to arouse pleasant memories. Surveies have shown that patients are able to garner strength quicker and cut down depression by walking in a garden on a regular footing. Research besides shows that managing workss can cut down blood force per unit area and feelings of emphasis. It is needed to happen out if workss can assist patients retrieve quicker than usual after hip surgery. After a surgery a individual may experience down about the fact that they can no longer walk as they used to, but taking attention of a works may hold the individual experience a sense of achievement that might transport over to therapy. The people with the workss may travel into the physical therapy Sessionss with a more positive attitude than those who do non hold workss to take attention of. State a Hypothesis If patients are given tulips to take attention of after hip replacing, so they will mend quicker than the normal clip it takes people retrieving from hip replacings to mend. Design an Experiment 1 ) Choose 10 people who are to undergo hip surgery. The people are to hold the same operation. They are to be 67 twelvemonth old females. 2 ) Topographic point tulips around five of the patient # 8217 ; s infirmary suites after surgery for them to take attention of. Give the other five people no tulips. 3 ) Have each patient maintain a day-to-day diary about their advancement and how they feel the workss have affected it. If they were non assigned workss, have them maintain a diary entirely on their advancement. 4 ) Check to do certain that the five patients assigned workss are really taking attention of their workss. Besides, do certain that everyone included in the experiment is besides undergoing normal physical therapy, and all are given the same hurting medicine. 5 ) Track the advancement of the people throughout the experiment. Visit each individual one time a twenty-four hours. Ask them how their advancement has been or if they have been experiencing better or worse than expected to. At the day-to-day visits make certain that they are taking attention of their workss if they have them. Make this for one. At the terminal of the one hebdomad, the experiment will be over. 6 ) At the terminal of the one hebdomad, happen out how their advancement was. Co llect the diary, but let them to maintain the tulips if they want. The experiment will stop after one hebdomad so that everyone is given the same sum of clip. The patient does non hold to be wholly healed at this clip. 7 ) Make a chart of diagram plotting each person # 8217 ; s advancement. The trial group must non be allowed to hold more workss than they were ab initio given. All people must hold the same sum of visitants so that the experiment is non disrupted. If any of these people fail to follow waies, their consequences will be thrown out. The control group will non be given any tulips and will non be allowed to hold any workss in their infirmary suites. The trial group and control group are to vary because the trial group is allowed to hold workss around them, while the other group must hold no workss around them. The ground for this is comparing the trial group consequences with those of person who does non utilize a works to mend. Carry Out the Experiment and Collect the Data During each day-to-day visit a study is to be taken of how good the individual is experiencing. Make observations such as how much medicine they are taking for hurting, when they foremost started walking once more, and how many stairss they take. Besides, happen out what the individual # 8217 ; s physical healer thinks about their recovery procedure. The people should be composing this in their day-to-day diary. At the terminal of the one hebdomad, the diary is collected and the information is taken from it. The diary should state how the individual is experiencing, or if they think taking attention of the tulip is impacting their healing procedure. Chart 1, Those people given no tulips Sum Healed for Day 1 Amount Healed for Day 2 Amount Healed for Day 3 Amount Healed for Day 4 Amount Healed for Day 5 Amount Healed for Day 6 Amount Healed for Day 7 Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Patient 5 Chart 2, Those given tulips to take attention of Sum Healed for Day 1 Amount Healed for Day 2 Amount Healed for Day 3 Amount Healed for Day 4 Amount Healed for Day 5 Amount Healed for Day 6 Amount Healed for Day 7 Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3 Patient 4 Patient 5 After the charts are made, saloon graphs can be used to plot the information. Designate on colour per individual. On the y-axis, set different phases in the healing procedure, utilizing the Numberss one through 10. Ten is the best a individual can be feeling, while one is the worst a individual can experience. The x-axis should be labeled with the seven yearss of the hebdomad. Make a cardinal placing the different colour bars. Analyze the Data and Draw Conclusions I believe the information will demo that the people taking attention of the tulips while undergoing normal physical therapy will mend quicker than those people non taking attention of tulips, and the hypothesis will be supported. However, if the information collected shows no important difference in the status of the people retrieving from surgery, so the hypothesis has non been supported. The informations should demo that the people taking attention of the workss have a quicker healing clip because they have a better mentality on things. They feel a sense of achievement because they are able to take attention of a works.

The Role of Replays in Different Sports Essay Example For Students

The Role of Replays in Different Sports Essay Basketball referees use replay systems to make sure players are shooting within the time allotted by the shot clock. In international cricket, the third umpire has been used, one sitting off the ground with access to TV replays of certain situations (such as disputed catches and boundaries) to advise the central umpires. The umpires out on the field are in communication via wireless technology with the other umpire. The third umpire is also asked to adjudicate on run out decisions, which he makes thou consultation with the two central umpires, One sport that has resisted the use of high-tech assistance is soccer/outfall. We will write a custom essay on The Role of Replays in Different Sports specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Replays could be used to decide off-side decisions, whether a ball passes over the goal line, and clarify penalty decisions. Hawk-Eye Technology Hawk-eye is the name of a computer and camera system which traces a balls trajectory. It is being used in international cricket and tennis, and many other sports are also looking at making use of this technology. The system is also being trialed in soccer as part of the goal line assessment. The Premier League of Football in the KICK has agreed to the introduction of goal-line sensors after being given approval by footballs rule-makers. The system being developed by the J company Hawk-Eye, would give a definitive decision on whether the ball had crossed the line. The Hawk Eye uses a camera taking 600 frames a second on the goal-line, With the information is analyzed by computer and sent to the referees headset or a device on his wrist. Sport Specific Tennis it is now standard at the major tennis tournaments for a line review yester to be in place, with players given power to review contentious line calls. It is powered by the Hawk-Eye ball tracking system. See more about Hawk Eye for Tennis Soccer / Football Soccer is looking at joining the 21st century, looking at various technologies for the goal line to determine if the pass passes over the line or not. See more footballs/Soccer Technology Basketball the NAB uses replay vision to review last touch decisions in the final two minutes of games, and also to determine whether players release the ball before the shot clock expires. Cricket technology in cricket has been driven by advances in the TV coverage. Things that were once extra information provided by the TV networks are now being incorporated into the decision referral system (DRY), such as hawk-eye and hot spot, and maybe even the old favorite snicks. See more about Cricket Technology. Susie Rules Football umpire review system has also been implemented in PAL, with an off field umpire in certain circumstances adjudicating on whether the ball passes over the line or is touched, using video evidence via multiple camera angles. See more about Technology in AH_. Baseball In 2014 a challenge system was put in place for the ML to use replays to challenge certain umpiring decisions. See more about Technology in Baseball. Rugby League The NOR was an early implementer of using the video referee to help adjudicate questionable tries. Computer Soft,bare There are numerous software packages that are designed for fitness and nutrition professionals to organize data and produce reports, ideal for visitors to this site. Here are a couple of packages that come recommended by Topped Sports. Team Beep Test ? the most versatile and useful software for conducting ND recording results of the bleep / beep test, with results recorded directly onto your computer. Bottled ? a universal standalone computer software program specially developed to comprehensively organize and manage all the information associated with nutrition, training and fitness. Related Pages read the Sports Technology entries on the blob. Sport science and sports APS poll: Should Soccer use a video referee? Software tort Fitness and Nutrition Sports and Fitness Videos tagged with the term Technology Bohemianism in Sport more sporting resources